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Changelog

Source: NEWS.md

forecast 9.0.1

  • Performance improvements for ARFIMA model search
  • forecast.mlm() now finds newdata when passed as an argument from another function (#880)
  • residuals.tslm() now allows type = "working" as per CRAN request
  • Code modernization and performance improvements

forecast 9.0.0

CRAN release: 2026-01-11

forecast 8.24.0

CRAN release: 2025-04-08

  • Documentation improvements
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.23.0

CRAN release: 2024-06-20

  • Prevented RNG state changing when the package is attached (#954, #955).
  • head.ts() and tail.ts() only defined for R < 4.5.0 due to new base R functions.

forecast 8.22.0

CRAN release: 2024-03-04

  • hfitted() now much faster for ARIMA models (danigiro, #949)
  • hfitted() now much faster for ETS models, and produces fitted values from initial states (#950)

forecast 8.21.1

CRAN release: 2023-08-31

  • nnetar() now allows p or P to be 0
  • Bug fixes and improved docs

forecast 8.21

CRAN release: 2023-02-27

  • Fixed df calculation for Ljung-Box tests in checkresiduals()
  • Fixed some broken tests

forecast 8.20

CRAN release: 2023-01-06

  • Improvements to unit tests, and migrate to testthat 3e
  • Prevent failure in C23 mode

forecast 8.19

CRAN release: 2022-11-20

  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.18

CRAN release: 2022-10-02

  • Updated RW forecasts to use an unbiased estimate of sigma2
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.17.0

CRAN release: 2022-07-25

forecast 8.16

CRAN release: 2022-01-10

  • Fixed tslm() incorrectly applying Box-Cox transformations when an mts is provided to the data argument (#886).
  • Set D=0 when auto.arima() applied to series with 2m observations or fewer.
  • Improved performance of parallel search of ARIMA models (jonlachmann, #891).
  • Fixed scoping of functions used in ggAcf() (#896).
  • Fixed checks on xreg in simulate.Arima() (#818)
  • Improved docs and bug fixes.

forecast 8.15

CRAN release: 2021-06-01

  • Changed summary() methods to defer console output until print()
  • Changed default s.window values for mstl(), stlf() and stlm(). The new defaults are based on extensive empirical testing.

forecast 8.14

CRAN release: 2021-03-11

  • Changed default BoxCox(lambda = "auto") lower bound to -0.9.
  • Use better variance estimates for ets bias adjustments.
  • Improved robustness of autoplot.seas() for non-seasonal decomposition.
  • Fixed scoping of parameters in auto.arima(parallel = TRUE) (#874).
  • Fixed handling of xreg in tsCV().

forecast 8.13

CRAN release: 2020-09-12

  • Fixed forecasts from Arima() with drift with initial NAs.
  • Fixed season colours in gglagplot() to match y-axis (original data).
  • Fixed facet order for classical decomposition autoplot()
  • Fixed summary() erroring for tslm() models containing NA values.

forecast 8.12

CRAN release: 2020-03-31

  • Fixed bias adjusted forecast mean for ARIMA forecasts.
  • Improved naming of accuracy() generic formals.
  • Fix seasonal periods for taylor dataset.

forecast 8.11

CRAN release: 2020-02-09

forecast 8.10

CRAN release: 2019-12-05

  • Updates to remove new CRAN errors
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.9

CRAN release: 2019-08-22

  • Updates for CRAN policies on Suggests packages
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.8

CRAN release: 2019-08-02

  • Updates for compatibility with fable
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.7

CRAN release: 2019-04-29

  • Documentation improvements
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.6

CRAN release: 2019-04-16

  • Reduced conflicts with tidy forecasting packages
  • Forecast autoplots now use same colour shading as autolayer() and geom_forecast
  • Documentation improvements
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.5

CRAN release: 2019-01-18

  • Updated tsCV() to handle exogenous regressors
  • Reimplemented lagwalk methods (naive(), snaive(), rwf()) for speed improvements
  • Added support for passing arguments to auto.arima() unit root tests
  • Improved auto.arima() stepwise search algorithm
  • Documentation improvements
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.4

CRAN release: 2018-06-21

  • Added modelAR(), generalising nnetar() to support user-defined functions
  • Added na.action argument to ets()
  • Documentation improvements
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.3

CRAN release: 2018-04-11

  • Added mstl() to handle multiple seasonal decomposition
  • stlf(), stlm(), tsoutliers() and tsclean() all now use mstl().
  • Updated tsCV() to handle multiple horizons
  • Switched unit root tests in ndiffs() to use urca package
  • Added ocsb.test()
  • Changed method for choosing D in auto.arima() to a measure of seasonal strength.
  • Added baggedModel() function to generalize baggedETS
  • Added bootstrapped PI to more functions
  • Allowed lambda=‘auto’ for all functions with lambda argument.
  • Updated author list to include all major contributors
  • Documentation improvements
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.2

CRAN release: 2017-09-25

  • Added pkgdown site
  • Added rolling window option to tsCV()
  • Improved robustness to short time series and missing values
  • Bug fixes

forecast 8.1

CRAN release: 2017-06-17

forecast 8.0

CRAN release: 2017-02-23

  • Added tips to start up message
  • Added pipe operator
  • Added tsCV() and CVar() functions
  • Added baggedETS
  • Added head.ts() and tail.ts(), so head and tail now work properly on ts objects.
  • Added gghistogram() and checkresiduals()
  • Added ggseasonplot() with polar coordinates
  • Modified defaults for gglagplot()
  • Added autolayer.ts()
  • Added type argument to residuals() for different types of residuals
  • Added support for seas objects from the seasonal package
  • Component extraction for seasonal decomposition methods
  • Range bars for decomposition autoplots
  • Added autoplot.StructTS()
  • Added vignette based on 2008 JSS article by Hyndman and Khandakar
  • Improved ggplot functions
  • mforecast objects re-structured
  • Added as.data.frame.mforecast()
  • autoplot() functions now exported
  • Refit support for arfima() and stlm()
  • Better bias adjustment support after Box-Cox transformation
  • print.ARIMA() has better labelling of constants
  • Bug fixes
  • Removed fortify method for forecast objects

forecast 7.3

CRAN release: 2016-10-13

  • Added prediction intervals and simulation for nnetar().
  • Documentation improvement
  • Bug fixes

forecast 7.2

CRAN release: 2016-09-09

  • Faceting for autoplot.mts()
  • Box-Cox support for ses, holt, hw
  • ets() now works for tiny time series
  • Added h-step fitted values in fitted() function.
  • seasonal adjustment added to thetaf()
  • y now the standard first argument in all modelling functions
  • Added truncate argument to auto.arima()
  • seasadj() now an S3 method
  • series with frequency < 1 and non-integer seasonality now handled better
  • ggplot2 theme support
  • Added gglagplot, gglagchull
  • Arima() and auto.arima() now allow any argument to be passed to stats::arima().
  • Bug fixes and speed improvements

forecast 7.1

CRAN release: 2016-04-14

  • Fixed bug in auto.arima() where the Box-Cox transformation was sometimes applied twice
  • Improved axes for ggseasonalplot
  • Improved tslm() to avoid some problems finding data
  • nnetar() updated to allow subsets
  • Modified initial values for ets()
  • Improved unit tests to avoid deprecated functions and to avoid data from fpp
  • Removed fpp from Suggests list

forecast 7.0

CRAN release: 2016-04-04

  • Added ggplot2 graphics
  • Bias adjustment option added for all functions that allow Box-Cox transformations
  • Added Ccf() function, and rewrote Acf() to handle multivariate series.
  • tslm() completely rewritten to be more robust and to handle fourier terms more easily
  • Support for multivariate linear models added
  • subset.ts() more robust, and captures some errors.
  • Added xreg argument to nnetar()
  • Improved labels in seasonplot
  • More unit tests added
  • Documentation improvements
  • Bug fixes

forecast 6.2

CRAN release: 2015-10-20

  • Many unit tests added using testthat.
  • Fixed bug in ets() when very short seasonal series were passed in a data frame.
  • Fixed bug in nnetar() where the initial predictor vector was reversed.
  • Corrected model name returned in nnetar().
  • Fixed bug in accuracy() when non-integer seasonality used.
  • Made auto.arima() robust to non-integer seasonality.
  • Fixed bug in auto.arima() where allowmean was ignored when stepwise=FALSE.
  • Improved robustness of forecast.ets() for explosive models with multiplicative trends.
  • Exogenous variables now passed to VAR forecasts
  • Increased maximum nmse in ets() to 30.
  • Made tsoutliers() more robust to weak seasonality
  • Changed tsoutliers() to use supsmu on non-seasonal and seasonally adjusted data.
  • Fixed bug in tbats() when seasonal period 1 is a small multiple of seasonal period 2.
  • Other bug fixes

forecast 6.1

CRAN release: 2015-05-12

forecast 6.0

CRAN release: 2015-05-09

  • Modified dm.test() to give error when variance is zero
  • Corrected help file for splinef().
  • Fixed typo in accuracy help file regarding RMSE
  • Fixed bug in accuracy() which occurred with Arima and ets objects.
  • Fixed arima.errors() to handle Box-Cox transformed models.
  • Modified auto.arima() to be stricter on near-unit-roots.
  • Added allowmean argument in auto.arima().
  • Improved handling of constant series in Arima() and forecast.Arima().
  • Added plot.Arima() and plot.ar() functions.
  • Added as.character.Arima
  • Captured problem in bats/tbats where data are constant.
  • Modified TBATS and BATS estimation to avoid occasional instabilities.
  • Fixed bug in forecasts from bats which labelled them as TBATS.
  • Added allow.multiplicative.trend argument to ets().
  • Set allow.multiplictive.trend=FALSE in stlf(), stlm() and forecast.ts().
  • Simplified arguments in stlf().
  • Added taperedacf and taperedpacf functions
  • Added functions for bootstrapping time series

forecast 5.9

CRAN release: 2015-02-26

  • Improved documentation of accuracy() function.
  • Fixed occasional bug in accuracy() when test set is a single observation.
  • Improved Acf() to give better handling of horizontal axis for seasonal data or when … is passed.
  • Removed print.Arima() and predict.Arima() and added print.ARIMA()
  • method argument now passed when re-fitting an ARIMA model.
  • Fixed error when CH test applied to short series

forecast 5.8

CRAN release: 2015-01-06

  • Fixed bug in versions of R before 3.10 when using fourier and fourierf.
  • Made BoxCox.lambda() robust to missing values.

forecast 5.7

CRAN release: 2014-12-17

  • Fixed bug in tbats/bats where optional arguments were not being passed to auto.arima().
  • Revised fourier() and fourierf() to avoid large orders, and to avoid zero columns.
  • Improved accuracy of fourier() and fourierf(), while simplifying the code.
  • Removed duplicate columns returned by fourier/fourierf with multiple seasonal periods.
  • Corrected some bugs in simulate.Arima() for models involving xreg.
  • Centred simulations from simulate.Arima() for non-stationary models by conditioning on first observation.
  • Added findfrequency() function.
  • Fixed error in computed residuals from forecast.stl().
  • Improved handling of very short series in auto.arima().
  • Fixed error in forecasting with additive damped models. Damping previously applied only from second forecast horizon.
  • Fixed misuse of abs() in two places in C code.
  • Added na.action argument to Acf() and fixed na.action argument in tsdisplay().

forecast 5.6

CRAN release: 2014-09-24

  • Improved tbats and bats by ensuring ARMA coefficients are not close to the boundary of invertibility and stationarity.
  • Improved nsdiffs() handling of degenerate series (e.g., all zeros).
  • Improved forecast.ar() when function buried within other functions.
  • Improved handling of degenerate ARIMA models when xreg used.
  • More robust ets initialization.
  • Fixed problem in na.interp() with seasonal data having frequency <= 5.
  • Removed undocumented option to use Rmalschains for optimization of ets.

forecast 5.5

CRAN release: 2014-08-12

  • Improved documentation for croston
  • Added stlm() and forecast.stlm() functions, and added forecastfunction argument as a way of specifying a forecast method in stlf() and forecast.stl().
  • Improved forecast.ar() so that it is more likely to work if ar() and forecast.ar() are embedded within other functions.
  • Improved handling of ARIMA models with seasonality greater than 48
  • Improved handling of some degenerate regression models in nsdiffs
  • Changed AIC for poor models from 1e20 to Inf.
  • Corrected bugs in accuracy().
  • Better handling of regression models with perfect fit in auto.arima().
  • Fixed bug in tbats.components() when there are no seasonal components.

forecast 5.4

CRAN release: 2014-05-08

  • Fixed bug in forecast.tbats() and forecast.bats() when ts.frequency does not match seasonal.periods.
  • Fixed bug in getResponse.lm() when there’s a logged dependent variable.
  • Modified ets() to avoid problems when data contains large numbers.
  • Modified ets() to produce forecasts when the data are constant.
  • Improved arima.errors() to find xreg more often, and to return an error if it can’t be found.

forecast 5.3

CRAN release: 2014-03-24

  • Unit tests added
  • Fixed bug in zzhw() which reversed the sign of the residuals.
  • Updated help file for CV() to specify it is only leave-one-out.
  • Fixed guer.cv() to allow non-integer periods without warning.
  • Added use.initial.values argument in ets().
  • Added arimaorder() function.
  • Modified warnings suppression by using suppressWarnings() throughout.

forecast 5.2

CRAN release: 2014-02-24

  • Changed default number of cores to 2 for all functions that use parallel processing.
  • Removed remaining call to bats() from examples that are run.

forecast 5.1

CRAN release: 2014-02-08

  • Fixed bug in tsoutliers() and tsclean() with very short seasonal series.
  • Fixed bug in Arima() when seasonal order is specified numerically instead of via a list.
  • Removed dimension attribution from output of arima.errors()
  • Improved handling of “test” in accuracy
  • Changed parallel processing to parLapply for auto.arima()
  • Added timeDate dependency to avoid errors in easter() and link to Rcpp >= 0.11.0.

forecast 5.0

CRAN release: 2014-01-17

forecast 4.8

CRAN release: 2013-09-30

  • Fixed bug in rwf() that was introduced in v4.7

forecast 4.7

CRAN release: 2013-09-27

  • Added forecast.forecast() to simply return the object that is passed.
  • Removed leading zero in package number. i.e., 4.7 instead of 4.07.
  • better handling of nearly constant time series, and nearly linear time series
  • improved handling of missing values in rwf()
  • corrected fitted values and residuals in meanf() for time series data
  • bats() and tbats() now handle missing values in the same way as ets(). i.e., using longest contiguous portion.
  • better handling of very short time series
  • initial states for ets() modified for very short time series (less than 3 years).
  • nsdiffs with CH test now handles degenerate cases without returning an error.
  • nnetar now handles missing values
  • Fixed bug in forecast.varest() so residuals and fitted values computed correctly.
  • Added accuracy() calculation for VAR models
  • Fixed a bug in simulate.fracdiff() when future=TRUE. Sometimes the future argument was being ignored.

forecast 4.06

CRAN release: 2013-06-30

  • accuracy() was returning a mape and mpe 100 times too large for in-sample errors.

forecast 4.05

CRAN release: 2013-06-19

  • Fixed bug in hw() so it works when initial=“simple”
  • Allowed bats() and tbats() to take non-positive values.
  • ets() now calls optim direct via c code making ets() run much faster.
  • Added Rmalschains as a possible optimizer in ets(). Not documented.
  • Modified forecast.lm() so it is more likely that the original data are stored in the returned object.
  • Corrected bug in forecast.Arima() that occurred when a Box-Cox transformation was used with bootstrap=TRUE.
  • accuracy() updated so that it gives more information, and returns a matrix of both test and training measures.
  • Corrected training error measures for splinef() forecasts.

forecast 4.04

CRAN release: 2013-04-22

  • Added ylim argument to Acf()
  • Avoided clash with the signal package when using auto.arima().
  • Fixed problem in plot.forecast() when all historical data are NA or when there is no available historical data.
  • forecast.Arima() is now a little more robust if a zoo object is passed instead of a ts object.
  • CV() now handles missing values in the residuals.
  • Fixed bug in holt() and hw() so that the printed model no longer contains missing values.

forecast 4.03

CRAN release: 2013-03-17

  • forecast.lm() now guesses the variable name if there is only one predictor variable.
  • Removed error trap in forecast.lm() when no xreg variables passed as it was catching legitimate calls.

forecast 4.02

CRAN release: 2013-03-06

  • Fixed error in the prediction intervals returned by forecast.ets() when simulation was used and a Box-Cox transformation was specified.
  • Fixed bug in accuracy() when a numerical f vector was passed.
  • Fixed man file for Diebold-Mariano test.
  • Corrected references in nsdiffs() help page.
  • Added warning to nsdiffs when series too short for seasonal differencing.
  • Fixed problem in getResponse.Arima when Arima object created by stats::arima() from within a function.
  • Added tbats.components() and extended seasadj() to allow tbats objects.
  • Added undocumented functions for forecasting, printing and plotting output from vars::VAR.

forecast 4.01

CRAN release: 2013-01-22

  • Error now trapped when newxreg variables not passed to forecast.lm()
  • Corrected help file for dshw() to remove references to prediction intervals.
  • Improved help file for dm.test() to give more information about the alternative hypotheses.
  • Improved dm.test() performance for small samples by using a t-distribution instead of normal.
  • Modified bats() and tbats() examples to follow CRAN policies on parallel processing.
  • Moved some packages from Depends to Imports.
  • Added getResponse() function to return the historical time series from various time series model objects.
  • Modified accuracy() to use getResponse().
  • Allowed user-generated innovations in simulate.ets(), simulate.Arima(), etc.
  • Allowed xreg argument in forecast.stl() and stlf() when ARIMA model used.
  • Removed reliance on caret, and associated fitted and residuals functions.

forecast 4.00

CRAN release: 2012-11-27

  • More robust handling of degenerate ARIMA models.
  • New defaults for shaded colors used for prediction intervals in plots.
  • auto.arima() now remembers the name of the series when a Box-Cox transformation is used.
  • New function nnetar() for automatic neural network forecasting of time series.
  • arfima() now tries harder to ensure the ARMA part is stationary.
  • ts control added for forecast of linear models in forecast.lm().
  • Fixed bug in bats() which caused an error when use.box.cox=FALSE and use.trend=FALSE.
  • Added residuals and fitted methods for train and avNNet objects from caret package.
  • accuracy() can now figure out overlapping times for x and f.
  • rwf() now handles missing values.
  • Revised ses(), holt() and hw() so that they can optionally use traditional initialization.

forecast 3.25

CRAN release: 2012-09-11

forecast 3.24 (23 July 2012

CRAN release: 2012-07-23

  • Fixed bug in auto.arima() introduced in v3.23 which meant a ARIMA(0,0,0) model was returned about half the time.

forecast 3.23

CRAN release: 2012-07-18

  • Fixed bug in arfima() which meant the drange argument was being ignored.
  • Extended auto.arima() so it returns something sensible when the data are constant.

forecast 3.22

CRAN release: 2012-06-07

  • Increased maximum forecast horizon for ets models from 2000 to unlimited.
  • Corrected bug in Arima(). Previously include.constant=FALSE was ignored.
  • Some corrections to bats and tbats.
  • Modified parallel implementation in auto.arima() for Windows.

forecast 3.21

CRAN release: 2012-04-30

  • Fixed bug in auto.arima() when lambda is non-zero and stepwise is FALSE.
  • Fixed bug in auto.arima() in selecting d when D>0.
  • Fixed bug in ets() when seasonal period is less than 1.
  • Turned off warnings in auto.arima() and ets() when seasonal period is less than 1.
  • Added plotting methods for bats and tbats objects.
  • Changed default forecast horizons for bats and tbats objects.
  • Modified bats and tbats so they now use seasonal.periods when ts and msts objects are being modelled.

forecast 3.20

CRAN release: 2012-04-02

  • Fixed bugs in forecast.lm().
  • Improved handling of newdata in forecast.lm() to provide more meaningful error messages.
  • Fixed bug in dm.test() that occurred when errors were very small.

forecast 3.19

CRAN release: 2012-02-22

  • Improved plotting of forecast objects from lm models
  • Added MASE for lm forecasts using insample mean forecasts for scaling.
  • Modified definition of MASE for seasonal time series to use seasonal naive() insample scaling.
  • Modified meanf() to allow it to be used with cross-sectional data.
  • Updated accuracy() to allow it to be used with cross-sectional data, lm forecasts and lm objects.

forecast 3.18

CRAN release: 2012-02-17

forecast 3.17

CRAN release: 2012-02-02

  • Improved forecast.lm() so it is more likely to find the original data from an lm object.
  • Parallel processing now available in auto.arima() when stepwise=FALSE
  • Default model selection in auto.arima() changed to AICc rather than AIC. This may affect model selection for very short time series.
  • max orders in auto.arima() now restricted to be less than 1/3 of length of data.

forecast 3.16

CRAN release: 2011-12-24

  • Corrected problem with AIC computation in bats and tbats
  • Fixed handling of non-seasonal data in bats
  • Changed dependency to >= R 2.14.0 in order to ensure parallel package available.

forecast 3.15

CRAN release: 2011-12-22

forecast 3.14

CRAN release: 2011-12-09

  • Improved documentation for forecast.ts()
  • Corrected bug in dshw() when applied to a non-ts object.
  • Added error message when dshw() applied to data containing zeros or negative values
  • Added checks when dshw() applied to time series with non-nested periods.
  • Added msts object class for multiple seasonal time series
  • Made taylor data set an msts object.
  • Added bats() function for multiple seasonal time series modelling
  • Added forecast.bats() function for forecasting BATS models
  • Byte compiling turned on
  • Depending on Rcpp and RcppArmadillo to speed some code up.

forecast 3.13

CRAN release: 2011-11-20

  • Bug fix for forecast.StructTS() due to changes in the StructTS object. The default h was being set to 0. Thanks to Tarmo Leinonen for reporting this problem.
  • Bug fix for forecast.stl() where h longer than one seasonal period sometimes returned missing forecasts. Thanks to Kevin Burton for reporting this problem.
  • forecast.stl() no longer allows a seasonal ETS model to be specified. Thanks to Stefano Birmani for the suggestion.

forecast 3.12

CRAN release: 2011-11-16

  • Added option to control ets model in stlf() and forecast.stl(). Thanks to Stefano Birmani for the suggestion.
  • Reordered arguments for forecast.lm() and stlf() to be consistent with other forecast functions.
  • Modified tslm() so that it is more likely to find the relevant data when it is not passed as an argument.
  • Fixed bug in forecast.ets() which returned all zero forecasts for some models when seasonal period > 24.

forecast 3.11

CRAN release: 2011-11-02

  • Fixed bug in dshw() when smallest period is odd

forecast 3.10

CRAN release: 2011-10-27

  • Added lambda argument to naive() and snaive().
  • Fixed bug in ets() with high frequency data.
  • Fixed bug in rwf() where incorrect fitted values and residuals were sometimes returned.
  • Modified number of lags displayed by default in tsdisplay().

forecast 3.09

CRAN release: 2011-10-18

  • Fixed bug causing occasional problems in simulate.Arima() when MA order greater than 2 and future=TRUE.

forecast 3.08

CRAN release: 2011-10-15

forecast 3.07

CRAN release: 2011-10-11

  • Bug fix in ets() concerning non-seasonal models and high-frequency data. It sometimes returned all forecasts equal to zero.

forecast 3.06

CRAN release: 2011-10-04

  • Switched to useDynLib in preparation for Rv2.14.0.

forecast 3.05

CRAN release: 2011-10-03

  • Fixed bug in ets() which prevent non-seasonal models being fitted to high frequency data.

forecast 3.04

CRAN release: 2011-09-23

forecast 3.03

CRAN release: 2011-09-02

  • Bug fix in dshw() which was using slightly incorrect seasonal estimates for the forecasts
  • Bug fix in forecast.StructTS() due to change in structure of StructTS object.
  • Better error capture in tslm when seasonal dummies are specified for non-seasonal data.
  • Re-formatted some help files to prevent viewing problems with the pdf manual.

forecast 3.02

CRAN release: 2011-08-25

  • Bug fixes

forecast 3.00

CRAN release: 2011-08-24

forecast 2.19

CRAN release: 2011-06-04

  • Added xreg information to the object returned by auto.arima().
  • Added Acf(), Pacf(), ma() and CV() functions.
  • Fixed bugs in re-fitting ARIMA models to new data.

forecast 2.18 (2011-05-19)

  • Fixed bug in seasonplot() where year labels were sometimes incorrect.

forecast 2.17

CRAN release: 2011-04-06

  • Modified simulate.Arima() to handle seasonal ARIMA models.
  • Modified ets() to handle missing values. The largest continuous section of data is now modelled.
  • Improved plot.forecast() to handle missing values at the end of the observed series.
  • Added replacement decompose() to avoid truncation of seasonal term and seasonally adjusted series.
  • Fixed bug in seasadj() to handle multiplicative decomposition, and to avoid missing values at ends.

forecast 2.16

CRAN release: 2011-03-07

  • Changed the way missing values are handled in tslm

forecast 2.15

CRAN release: 2011-03-05

forecast 2.14

CRAN release: 2011-03-04

forecast 2.13

CRAN release: 2011-02-16

forecast 2.12

CRAN release: 2011-01-19

  • Added naive() and snaive() functions.
  • Improved handling of seasonal data with frequency < 1.
  • Added lambda argument to accuracy().

forecast 2.11

CRAN release: 2010-11-04

  • If MLE in arfima() fails (usually because the series is non-stationary), the LS estimate is now returned.

forecast 2.10

  • Fixed bug in arfima() where the MA parameters were of the wrong sign if estim=“mle” chosen.
  • arfima() now allowed to have a sequence of missing values at the start of the series and end of the series

forecast 2.09

CRAN release: 2010-10-15

forecast 2.08

CRAN release: 2010-09-22

forecast 2.07

CRAN release: 2010-09-09

  • Fixed bug in simulate.Arima(). Previous sample paths when d=2 and future=TRUE were incorrect.
  • Changed way color is implemented in plot.forecast() to avoid colour changes when the graphics window is refreshed.

forecast 2.06

CRAN release: 2010-07-29

forecast 2.05

CRAN release: 2010-05-11

  • Added arfima() and a forecast method to handle ARFIMA models from arfima() and fracdiff().
  • Added residuals and fitted methods for fracdiff objects.

forecast 2.04

CRAN release: 2010-04-16

forecast 2.03

CRAN release: 2009-12-24

  • Added an option to auto.arima() to allow drift terms to be excluded from the models considered.

forecast 2.02

CRAN release: 2009-12-23

  • Fixed bug in auto.arima() that occurred when there was an xreg but no drift, approximation=TRUE and stepwise=FALSE.

forecast 2.01

CRAN release: 2009-09-18

  • Fixed bug in time index of croston() output.
  • Added further explanation about models to croston() help file.

forecast 2.00

CRAN release: 2009-09-07

  • Package removed from forecasting bundle

forecast 1.26 (29 August 2009)

forecast 1.25 (22 July 2009)

  • Added argument to auto.arima() and ndiffs() to allow the ADF test to be used instead of the KPSS test in selecting the number of differences.
  • Added argument to plot.forecast() to allow different colors and line types when plotting prediction intervals.
  • Modified forecast.ts() to give sensible results with a time series containing fewer than four observations.

forecast 1.24 (9 April 2009)

  • Fixed bug in dm.test() to avoid errors when there are missing values in the residuals.
  • More informative error messages when auto.arima() fails to find a suitable model.

forecast 1.23 (22 February 2009)

  • Fixed bugs that meant xreg terms in auto.arima() sometimes caused errors when stepwise=FALSE.

forecast 1.22 (30 January 2009)

  • Fixed bug that meant regressor variables could not be used with seasonal time series in auto.arima().

forecast 1.21 (16 December 2008)

  • Fixed bugs introduced in v1.20.

forecast 1.20 (14 December 2008)

  • Updated auto.arima() to allow regression variables.
  • Fixed a bug in print.Arima() which caused problems when the data were inside a data.frame.
  • In forecast.Arima(), argument h is now set to the length of the xreg argument if it is not null.

forecast 1.19 (7 November 2008)

  • Updated Arima() to allow regression variables when refitting an existing model to new data.

forecast 1.18 (6 November 2008)

  • Bug fix in ets(): models with frequency less than 1 would cause R to hang.
  • Bug fix in ets(): models with frequency greater than 12 would not fit due to parameters being out of range.
  • Default lower and upper bounds on parameters alpha, beta and gamma in ets() changed to 0.0001 and 0.9999 (instead of 0.01 and 0.99).

forecast 1.17 (10 October 2008)

  • Calculation of BIC did not account for reduction in length of series due to differencing. Now fixed in auto.arima() and in print.Arima().
  • tsdiag() now works with ets objects.

forecast 1.16 (29 September 2008)

  • Another bug fix in auto.arima(). Occasionally the root checking would cause an error. The condition is now trapped.

forecast 1.15 (16 September 2008)

  • Bug fix in auto.arima(). The series wasn’t always being stored as part of the return object when stepwise=FALSE.

forecast 1.14 (1 August 2008)

  • The time series stored in M3 in the Mcomp package did not contain all the components listed in the help file. This problem has now been fixed.

forecast 1.13 (16 June 2008)

  • Bug in plot.ets() fixed so that plots of non-seasonal models for seasonal data now work.
  • Warning added to ets() if the time series contains very large numbers (which can cause numerical problems). Anything up to 1,000,000 should be ok, but any larger and it is best to scale the series first.
  • Fixed problem in forecast.HoltWinters() where the lower and upper limits were interchanged.

forecast 1.12 (22 April 2008)

  • Objects are now coerced to class ts in ets(). This allows it to work with zoo objects.
  • A new function dm.test() has been added. This implements the Diebold-Mariano test for predictive accuracy.
  • Yet more bug-fixes for auto.arima().

forecast 1.11 (8 February 2008)

  • Modifications to auto.arima() in the case where ML estimation does not work for the chosen model. Previously this would return no model. Now it returns the model estimated using CSS.
  • AIC values reported in auto.arima() when trace=TRUE and approximation=TRUE are now comparable to the final AIC values.
  • Addition of the expsmooth package.

forecast 1.10 (21 January 2008)

  • Fixed bug in seasadj() so it allows multiple seasonality
  • Fixed another bug in print.Arima()
  • Bug fixes in auto.arima(). It was sometimes returning a non-optimal model, and occasionally no model at all. Also, additional stationarity and invertibility testing is now done.

forecast 1.09 (11 December 2007)

  • A new argument ‘restrict’ has been added to ets() with default TRUE. If set to FALSE, then the unstable ETS models are also allowed.
  • A bug in the print.Arima() function was fixed.

forecast 1.08 (21 November 2007)

  • AICc and BIC corrected. Previously I had not taken account of the sigma^2 parameter when computing the number of parameters.
  • arima() function changed to Arima() to avoid the clash with the arima() function in the stats package.
  • auto.arima() now uses an approximation to the likelihood when selecting a model if the series is more than 100 observations or the seasonal period is greater than 12. This behaviour can be over-ridden via the approximation argument.
  • A new function plot.ets() provides a decomposition plot of an ETS model.
  • predict() is now an alias for forecast() wherever there is not an existing predict() method.
  • The argument conf has been changed to level in all forecasting methods to be consistent with other R functions.
  • The functions gof() and forecasterrors() have been replaced by accuracy() which handles in-sample and out-of-sample forecast accuracy.
  • The initialization method used for a non-seasonal ETS model applied to seasonal data was changed slightly.
  • The following methods for ets objects were added: summary, coef and logLik.
  • The following methods for Arima objects were added: summary.

forecast 1.07 (25 July 2007)

  • Bug fix in summary of in-sample errors. For ets models with multiplicative errors, the reported in-sample values of MSE, MAPE, MASE, etc., in summary() and gof() were incorrect.
  • ARIMA models with frequency greater than 49 now allowed. But there is no unit-root testing if the frequency is 50 or more, so be careful!
  • Improvements in documentation.

forecast 1.06 (15 June 2007)

  • Bug fix in auto.arima(). It would not always respect the stated values of max.p, max.q, max.P and max.Q.
  • The tseries package is now installed automatically along with the forecasting bundle, whereas previously it was only suggested.

forecast 1.05 (28 May 2007)

  • Introduced auto.arima() to provide a stepwise approach to ARIMA modelling. This is much faster than the old best.arima().
  • The old grid-search method used by best.arima() is still available by using stepwise=FALSE when calling auto.arima().
  • Automated choice of seasonal differences introduced in auto.arima().
  • Some small changes to the starting values of ets models.
  • Fixed a bug in applying ets() to new data using a previously fitted model.

forecast 1.04 (30 January 2007)

  • Added include.drift to arima()
  • Fixed bug in seasonal forecasting with ets()

forecast 1.03 (20 October 2006)

  • Fixed some DOS line feed problems that were bothering unix users.

forecast 1.02 (12 October 2006)

  • Added AICc option to ets() and best.arima().
  • Corrected bug in calculation of fitted values in ets models with multiplicative errors.

forecast 1.01 (25 September 2006)

  • Modified ndiffs() so that the maximum number of differences allowed is 2.

forecast 1.0 (31 August 2006)

  • Added MASE to gof().
  • croston() now returns fitted values and residuals.
  • arima() no longer allows linear trend + ARMA errors by default. Also, drift in non-stationary models can be turned off.
  • This version is the first to be uploaded to CRAN.

forecast 0.99992 (8 August 2006)

  • Corrections to help files. No changes to functionality.

forecast 0.99991 (2 August 2006)

  • More bug fixes. ets() now converges to a good model more often.

forecast 0.9999 (1 August 2006)

  • Mostly bug fixes.
  • A few data sets have been moved from fma to forecast as they are not used in my book.
  • ets() is now considerably slower but gives better results. Full optimization is now the only option (which is what slows it down). I had too many problems with poor models when partial optimization was used. I’ll work on speeding it up sometime, but this is not a high priority. It is fast enough for most use. If you really need to forecast 1000 series, run it overnight.
  • In ets(), I’ve experimented with new starting conditions for optimization and it seems to be fairly robust now.
  • Multiplicative error models can no longer be applied to series containing zeros or negative values. However, the forecasts from these models are not constrained to be positive.

forecast 0.999 (27 July 2006)

  • The package has been turned into three packages forming a bundle. The functions and a few datasets are still in the forecast package. The data from Makridakis, Wheelwright and Hyndman (1998) is now in the fma package. The M-competition data is now in the Mcomp package. Both fma and Mcomp automatically load forecast.
  • This is the first version available on all operating systems (not just Windows).
  • pegels() has been replaced by ets(). ets() only fits the model; it doesn’t produce forecasts. To get forecasts, apply the forecast function to the ets object.
  • ets() has been completely rewritten which makes it slower, but much easier to maintain. Different boundary conditions are used and a different optimizer is used, so don’t expect the results to be identical to what was done by the old pegels() function. To get something like the results from the old pegels() function, use forecast() on ets().
  • simulate.ets() added to simulate from an ets model.
  • Changed name of cars to auto to avoid clash with the cars data in the datasets package.
  • arima2 functionality is now handled by arima() and pegels2 functionality is now handled by ets().
  • best.arima() now allows the option of BIC to be used for model selection.
  • Croston’s method added in function croston().
  • ts.display() renamed as tsdisplay()
  • mean.f() changed to meanf(), theta.f() changed to thetaf(), rw.f() changed to rwf(), seasonaldummy.f() to seasonaldummyf(), sindex.f() to sindexf(), and spline.f() to splinef(). These changes are to avoid potential problems if anyone introduces an ‘f’ class.

forecast 0.994 (4 October 2004)

  • Fixed bug in arima() which caused predict() to sometimes fail when there was no xreg term.
  • More bug fixes in handling regression terms in arima models.
  • New print.Arima() function for more informative output.

forecast 0.993 (20 July 2004)

  • Added forecast function for structural time series models obtained using StructTS().
  • Changed default parameter space for pegels() to force admissibility.
  • Added option to pegels() to allow restriction to models with finite forecast variance. This restriction is imposed by default.
  • Fixed bug in arima.errors(). Changes made to arima() meant arima.errors() was often returning an error message.
  • Added a namespace to the package making fewer functions visible to the user.

forecast 0.99 (21 May 2004)

  • Added automatic selection of order of differencing for best.arima().
  • Added possibility of linear trend in arima models.
  • In pegels(), option added to allow parameters of an exponential smoothing model to be in the ‘admissible’ (or invertible) region rather than within the usual (0,1) region.
  • Fixed some bugs in pegels().
  • Included all M1 and M3 data and some functions to subset and plot them.
  • Note: This package will only work in R1.9 or later.

forecast 0.98 (23 August 2003)

  • Added facilities in pegels(). o It is now possible to specify particular values of the smoothing parameters rather than always use the optimized values. If none are specified, the optimal values are still estimated as before. o It is also possible to specify upper and lower bounds for each parameter separately.
  • New function: theta.f(). This implements the Theta method which did very well in the M3 competition.
  • A few minor problems with pegels() fixed and a bug in forecast.plot() that meant it didn’t work when the series contained missing values.

forecast 0.972 (11 July 2003)

  • Small bug fix: pegels() did not return correct model when model was partially specified.

forecast 0.971 (10 July 2003)

  • Minor fixes to make sure the package will work with R v1.6.x. No changes to functionality.

forecast 0.97 (9 July 2003)

  • Fully automatic forecasting based on the state space approach to exponential smoothing has now been added. For technical details, see Hyndman, Koehler, Snyder and Grose (2002).
  • Local linear forecasting using cubic smoothing splines added. For technical details, see Hyndman, King, Pitrun and Billah (2002).

forecast 0.96 (15 May 2003)

  • Many functions rewritten to make use of methods and classes. Consequently several functions have had their names changed and many arguments have been altered. Please see the help files for details.
  • Added functions forecast.Arima() and forecat.ar()
  • Added functions gof() and seasadj()
  • Fixed bug in plot.forecast(). The starting date for the plot was sometimes incorrect.
  • Added residuals components to rw.f() and mean.f().
  • Made several changes to ensure compatibility with Rv1.7.0.
  • Removed a work-around to fix a bug in monthplot() command present in R v<=1.6.2.
  • Fixed the motel data set (columns were swapped)